Intelligence Definition and Measurements Essay -- Intelligence

Psychologists have differed on the definition for cognition and how to measure intelligence. In this paper the definition of intelligence and how it is measured will be discussed by comparing and contrasting the two intelligence tests and two achievement tests chosen from the Mental Measurement Yearbook. The intelligence tests chosen were the Primary rivulet of Nonverbal Intelligence (PTONI) and the Test of reminiscence and Learning, second ed., (TOMAL-2) and the achievement tests chosen were the Basic Achievement Skills Inventory (BASI) and the Differential Ability Scales, 2nd ed. (DAS-II). The measures of the intelligence tests will be evaluated for reliability, validity, normative procedure, and bias, and then compared with the achievement tests. Definition of IntelligenceAccording to Cohen and Swerdlik, (2010), Intelligence is a multifaceted capacity that manifests itself in unalike ways across the life span plainly in general included the abilities and capacities to acqui re and apply knowledge to reason effectively and logically, to exhibit break down judgment, to be perceptive, intuitive, mentally alert, and able to find the right words and thoughts with facility, and to be able to cope with and adjust to new situations and new types of problems (p. 277). This definition is very commodious but inclusive. Professionals in psychology have distinguishable definitions and personal biases that make a standard definition difficult. Some professionals believe intelligence is observable but others believe life experiences influence and develop intelligence and form information to deal with future situations. Various psychologists, behavioral specialists and lay people have different definitions or ideas of what intelligence is. A widely accepted defini... ...ogy.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/p/intelligence.htmCohen, R.J., Swerdlik, M.E. (2010). Psychological testing and assessment An introduction to tests and measurement (7th ed.). New York McGraw H ill.Ehrler, D. J., & McGhee, R. (2008). Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Elliott, C. (2007). Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Gredler, G. R. (1999). The twelfth mental measurements yearbook/The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook (Book). Psychology in the Schools, 36(1), 79. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Net Industries and its Licensors. (2011). Racial Difference-Standarized Tests and Race. Retrieved from http//social.jrank.org/pages/529/Racial-Differences-Standardized-Tests-Race.htmlReynolds, C. R., & Voress, J. (2007). Test of Memory and Learning, Second Edition. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.