Time And Culture Essays (444 words) - Anthropology, Circadian Rhythm

Time And Culture In The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time (Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1983), anthropologist Edward T. Hall entitles his first chapter Time as Culture. An extreme stance perhaps, especially given the potency of nature's rhythms, but it is instructive of the extent to which experiences and conceptualizations of time and space are culturally determined. Unlike the rest of nature's animals, our environment is primarily man-made and symbolic in quality. As Bronowski observed in The Ascent of Man, instead of being figures of the landscape, like antelopes upon the African savanna, we humans are the shapers of it. Geographical space and natural time are transformed into social space and social time, around whose definitions human beings orient their behaviors. For instance, instead of being governed by the natural rhythms of the sun and seasons, our behaviors are governed by such cultural temporalities as work schedules, age norms, and by the open hours of shopping malls. Culture is a shared system of ideas about the nature of the world and how (and when) people should behave in it. Cultural theorists argue that culture creates minds, selves and emotions in a society as reliably as DNA creates the various tissues of a living body. Culture also creates the rhythms of a society that echo within the very biology of its members. Observes Irving Hallowell (Temporal Orientation in Western Civilization and in a Pre-Literate Society, American Anthropologist 36, 1955), It is impossible to assume that man is born with any innate `temporal sense.' His temporal concepts are always culturally constituted (pp. 216-7). A 1974 study by William Condon and Louis Sander showed that within a few days, infants flex their limbs and move their heads in rhythms matching the human speech around them. By the time a child is three months old he has already been temporally enculturated, having internalized the external rhythms (called Zeitgeber, meaning time giver in German) of his culture. These rhythms underlie a people's language, music, religious ritual (the Buddhist mantra, for instance, is not only one's personal prayer but one's personal rhythm), beliefs about post-mortem fate, and their poetry and dance. These rhythms also serve as a basis of solidarity: humans are universally attracted to rhythm and to those who share their cadences of talk, movement, music, and sport. Thus socio-cultural systems can be likened to massive musical scores: change the rhythm-- such as putting a funeral dirge to a calypso beat--and you change the meaning of the piece. Cultures differ temporally, for example, in the temporal precision with which they program everyday events (ask any American businessman trying to schedule a meeting in the Middle East) and in the ways various social rhythms are allowed to mesh. Anthropology

Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament

1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t... Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament 1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t...

Personal Development Plan (PDP) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Personal Development Plan (PDP) - Essay Example â€Å"A primary school teacher teaches children between the ages of 3 and 11 years† (Ahmed, 2010, para. 1). It is one of the core responsibilities of the primary teachers to do proper grooming of the children of the above-mentioned age. For this purpose, primary teachers apply their learned skills and knowledge in the behavioral and mental grooming of the children. Primary teachers make use of informal and friendly teaching methods to make the pupil learn (Hayes, 2009, p. 16). Primary school is the first place for parents or teachers who seek some kind of information related to teaching. Primary teachers educate the children the importance of getting good grades. The age of 6 to 12 is a very crucial age for the children and if they become aware of the importance of good grades at this point of time, they excel in their future by trying to achieve good grades in higher classes. Another responsibility of primary teachers is to create awareness among the children about the importance of good behavior. Teachers make the students know how they should deal with their friends and family members. They also teach them what are good behaviors and what characteristics make a person acceptable in a society. To enter into the profession of primary teaching, a person must possess some basic skills and knowledge. A primary teacher needs to have knowledge about different learning and teaching styles that he can use to teach the students. The people interested in the profession of primary teaching need to show the evidence of interpersonal abilities and leadership skills. â€Å"Teacher leadership is an inseparable part of a teachers daily life† (Can, 2010, para. 2). A primary teacher must be able to communicate effectively with both the students and the parents. He should have understanding of different stages of child development and the behaviors associated with those development

Critically examine the progress made in the equitable employees since Essay - 1

Critically examine the progress made in the equitable employees since 1968 makes links to the business and organisation - Essay Example e business of extensive number of labourers under the state of poor bargaining force at individual level, the development of trade union got to be fundamental. A consistent relationship of compensation workers with the end goal of keeping up and enhancing the state of their working lives. A nonstop long haul relationship of representatives framed and kept up for the particular reason for progressing and ensuring the hobbies of individuals in their working relationship. Since 1968, human resources management has revolved to apply two main forms of management techniques. They are soft management and hard management of staff techniques. Soft management includes offering the staff training and development opportunities, internal promotions, adopting development of appraisal systems, factoring in consultation and empowerment towards employees and using a flat organisational structure According to Jackson, Schuler & Werner (2012), at the time of hiring, no employee is perfect fit for the job they are entitled to perform. This causes the need to conduct training for the new employees in order to increase their effectiveness in performance. This is a form of soft management that makes the employees equally comfortable to carry out their duties and feel more productive at their work station. Prior to 1968, staff training was not considered an opportunity to increase the businesses return on investment. However, this leads to improved profitability and/or more positive attitudes toward profits orientation, improves the job knowledge and skills at all levels of the organization, improves the morale of the workforce, helps people identify with organizational goals and helps create a better corporate image. Each organization needs to indicate its strategy with respect to advancement of its corporate arrangement. According to Rothwell (2010), organizations resort to staff promotions with a perspective to accomplish the following purposes: To meet the hierarchical necessities

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 83

Assignment - Essay Example The trifecta can be best analyzed individually before a conclusion on their confluence can be made. For the case of Christian Zionist in United State, they are the ones that provide the financial support to the settler movement. Consequently, they will have no reason to appear morally superior by joining another group even if they are enemies, but have the same goal of defeating the Soviet Union (John and Walt 132-139). The Jewish Movement in Soviet Union is the one under siege, and they need to get themselves from the hook that the Soviets are not ready to necessitate. Any effort even from the enemy will be accepted liberate their struggles (Ro’i 11). Finally, the Islamic Jihad in Afghanistan had a problem with the elevation of the Soviet Jews by the United States that observe the Afghanistan day to support the rights of the Jews (R11110000). The confluence comes from a different perspective on the Soviet Jews and joins the three group into sharing the same goal even if they are adversaries. Since they share the same problem with different interest, the trifecta comes to one goal: to defeat Soviet Union. Ro’i, Yaacov. "Introduction: From Disaffection to Political Opportunity and Activism." Ro’i, Yaacov. In The Jewish Movement in the Soviet Union. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 2012. 1-12.

Customer Satisfaction and SWOT Analysis of Thesis Binding

Customer Satisfaction and SWOT Analysis of Thesis Binding ABSTRACT As the project is about Customer Satisfaction and Swot analysis of Thesis Binding, It is a marketing research project, for that I have collected the data by using various techniques like questionnaire and by telephone as well. The questionnaire made in different formats for in-house and out-house separately. Out-house survey is being done in the various university of Kolkata like Calcutta university, Jadavpur and so on. And for in-house survey, we are surveying those customers who have already done their thesis binding from Dhar brother. Various parameters in the questionnaire have been used to measure the satisfaction level of the customer and also to find out what are their needs or what they exactly want from the company and to determine the swot of company. After that analysis of collected data will be done to get out conclusion and recommendation The objective of project is to get idea of what kind of promotion strategies is required by company to increase sales and to attract more customers and apart from that what new services are required company to increase customer satisfaction level and what is the strength, weakness , opportunities and threat for company so company can take action to use opportunities, and to mitigate threats and weakness to get competitive advantage and increase business revenue and profits. INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE COMPANY Dhar Brothers is a family owned business base in Kolkata, West Bengal and it was founded by Late Rash Mohan Dhar in the year 1930. Dhar Brothers started with only book binding in a very juvenile stage and then by the help of supportive community and companies hard work, Dhar brothers is known as a reputed Thesis paper maker in Kolkata . The Dhar Brothers have a huge client base of student or professionals who need binding of their thesis or project work. The companies target customers who are doing research work as well as those students doing their P.H.D. from all the universities of Kolkata and its nearby cities or areas. Over the years, Dhar Brothers have broadened our job profile, which now includesDATA PROCESSING, PRINTING, BINDING, PICK UP DELIVERY. It is possible because of Mr. Kishore Dhar who did Herculean task with heart and soul together. Driven by technology, Dhar brothers is able to serve many outstation and foreign clients as well with whom we get in touch through mail orders. Dhar Brothers have experience of more than 75 years in this trade. Dhar brothers provide customized services to scholars to all the universities according to their specifications. Companys vision is customers delight. And Dhar Brothers hope is Dhar brother achieved it, and with their blessings, Dhar Brothers are now a most recognized thesis company in Kolkata. Dhar brothers is a largest thesis binding company in kolkata and is known for its superior quality, customization and betterservices to its customer or picking up online delivery.Company have skilled labour or other resources to serve the customer better . Kinds of services provide by the company Hard Binding: Hard bound books are very rigid and finished to a high standard with edges covered throughout encasing up to approximately 500 pages. These books are cloth covered in a wide variety of colours and lettering on the spine can also take front board lettering. Soft Binding: Soft bound books are cut flush on the edge and are rigid enough to stand on a bookshelf encasing up to approximately 500 pages. This bookish cloth covered in a wide variety of colours and lettering on the spine. We dont advice front board lettering. Simple Binding: Card back and clear plastic front can be used as a temporary binding, but is strong and attractive enough for permanent use. Up to 300 pages 90 g/m2 . Thesis-CD-pockets: A transparent PVC pocket for holding CDs that you might want to submit with your thesis. These are inserted onto the inside of your thesis rear cover. THESIS CRAFT POCKET: An elegant handmade pocket built into the rear board of your thesis. This is suitable for holding loose sheets, photos, maps, and other documents. It can hold up to 20 A4 sheets of paper. Introduction of project Title of project is Customer Satisfaction and SWOT analysis. In this first to understand the business of company and what kind of services are provided by the company to fulfil the need s and wants of customers regarding their thesis binding, the issues which we have to solve in this project is to understand that, customers are satisfied with the current services provided by the company or not and what kind of services customer are expecting from company. So that company can provide those services to customer, to give them value of money and increase customer satisfaction. To understand all that discussed above, different techniques have been used to collect the data, these techniques are survey of customers by questionnaire, telephonic strategy, personal interviewing. After collecting the data sample size will be taken for the analysis so that we can come to some conclusion regarding the customer satisfaction and some recommendation can be provided to solve the issues. As discussed above sample size will be used for the analysis of data by using various techniques .Considering all the points, SWOT analysis will be done as per the present situation. As DHAR brothers is a only big thesis binding company in the Kolkata region so it is the greatest strength the company has and to find out the new opportunities, and how to tapped these opportunities and find out weakness and threats of company, and find out the ways to solve those. NEED OF THE STUDY The study has been done to know the different type of services provided by Dhar Brothers and what is the customer satisfaction level regarding different type of services of Dhar Brothers and to know the customer response about what kind of improvement they want from company, so Dhar Brothers can take action to fulfil their needs. This study also covers the promotion strategies required by Dhar Brothers where company is lacking. Through this study I came to know the customer satisfaction and SWOT of Dhar Brothers. OBJECTIVE OF the PROJECT The main objective of the project is to understand â€Å"Customer satisfaction and Swot analysis of thesis binding in Kolkata† are as This project would help Dhar Brothers in understanding the customer needs and get feedback on their product and services. Understand the customer satisfaction and Swot analysis for their thesis binding. Understanding what kind of services and customization customer expects from company regarding their thesis binding work. After understanding customer needs, efforts to fulfil their needs. In devising new methods of approaching their customers and in the process making them aware of various products and services on the basis of above needs of customers. To increase the services after understanding the customer requirements to serve them better. To make good relation with customers so that they will recommend other customers to company in future for their thesis binding, that helps in increasing sales of company. TO check present services quality is matching with the customer requirements or not, and what kind of up gradation is required. Different methodology will be used for the data collection and data analysis. Collected data will be analyzed properly to find out what are the requirements of the customer. To understand SWOT of Dhar Brothers. TO understand how to mitigate threats and remove weakness and what is the new opportunities. INFORMATION REQUIRED Various services being offered by Dhar Brothers. To understand the working procedure of company. The kind of responses received from the customers during survey to get information about customer needs and wants and apart from that to measure their satisfaction level. Various tools of promotions are required by company to increase awareness and to build brand image and understanding the level of impact it has on the customers. The form of activity which is effective from the point of view of customer satisfaction and Swot of company. Details regarding the customer satisfaction level regarding various services of Dhar brothers. Information regarding what is the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of Dhar Brothers. Finally innovative methods of targeting the customers and building a brand image and increasing the customer satisfaction level by providing them value for their money. REASERCH METHODOLOGY Method of data collection:- Primary sources:- It is a marketing research project so to collect the data two type of questioner is used for survey. I. In-house questioner is used to collect the data of existing customers of company at the time of delivery of their thesis. II. Outhouse questioner is used to collect the data from different universities of Kolkata. Secondary sources:- It is the data which has already been collected by someone or an organization for some other purpose or research study .The data for study has Been collected from various sources: Companies website Other Internet sources Past Data of organisation Time: 3 months Statistical Tools Used: Simple tools like bar graphs, tabulation, line diagrams have been used for analysis of data. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Very small Sample Size as compared to the target customers. Therefore a possibility of making error. Limited amount of times as the survey is time consuming. Geographic limitations. Project is only to understand customer satisfaction and swot analysis for thesis binding not for other type of bookbinding. Collection of data is only from existing customers required services not from customers who have already taken services in past.. MainTEXT Description of project in brief As I explained above in introduction the project is to measure the customer satisfaction level and to find out Swot analysis of thesis binding, So that company can come to know about satisfaction level of customers by its presently available services and came to know about what kind of up gradation is possible to upgrade our services and to serve the customer in better way and to measure that if any step company have taken is it feasible or not. Companies main focus is services oriented because the company is looking for expanding the business and to attract more customers, and to get the idea of new trends of thesis binding what customer expect from the company so that company can fulfil their wish of customers that helps the company to retain its present customers and to attract new customers . Recently Dhar Brothers start new services like online delivery services to the customers , that works as more beneficial for both the companies and customers point of view , most of the time what happened if customer have not time to come at company or away from Kolkata like from different state or cities than customer can submit their orders on companies website, where everything is mentioned about services of companies and by filling the demand form according to their requirement and made payment online , from where company take the customers order and provide them service and finished the work of customer within 48 hours after that if you are from Kolkata, you can take delivery from company and if you are from outside the Kolkata and if you cant come , your thesis would be courier on your address. TO understand the SWOT of company to get advantage from competitors and minimize the risks of business, as I discussed after clear understanding of strength, weakness, opportunities and threat, company can take necessary steps to maintain their strength as a tool of success, and take the advantage of new opportunities and work on remove the weakness, who are coming in path of success of company and mitigate the threats. The strategy used to proceed the work, first after clearly understanding the work of company and what to do, I first prepare two questioner, one is for in-house survey to collect the data from customers at the time of their delivery, to get their valuable feedback and to measure their customer satisfaction level and to get the idea what kind of new improvement is required according to them, and what company should do to serve them better in future , so that companies sales will increase in future second is outhouse questioner to collect data by surveying PHD or those people who are doing research work across different universities of Kolkata and then after collecting the data and proper analysis of that data will be done by using different technology to find the conclusions of problems and recommendation and what steps should be taken to improve services and to expand business or to attract new customers. Market growth rate of company Market rate has been found out by using the data of the customers who already have done their thesis work in 2009 and 2010. The data has been shown below Source: this data is based on the no of copies for the thesis binding month wise of Dhar Brothers. The data which have been shown in the given table is the number of copies which has been completed in the year 2009 and 2010. From the collected data which have been shown above shows that there is an increment in the growth rate of 13.6% in the year 2010 compared to 2009. This shows that customer base of Dhar brothers is increasing every year so to meet with the demands of these customer and serve them better company have to increase their present resources, like skilled human resource , Machinery, better infrastructure etc. to meet with this challenge in future. Market Size Market size plays an important role to find out the areas where we can target the customers or it shows which area we should focus for the thesis binding. The market size can help the company to come to know about the untapped areas or the areas from where less business is coming, so can company can make strategy and can take right decision to cover these untapped areas and areas from where less business is coming. Number of customers coming in Dhar Brothers from different universities can be understand by the help of below graph, here In this graph I have not showed customers of all the universities I just try to show where we have to focus more to increase business and sales of company. Source: This data is taken from Dhar Brothers. Horizontal Axis: Months Vertical Axis: Number of copies The data shown in the graph is the number of copies that have been taken on the vertical axis and month has been taken in the horizontal axis. As we can see from the above graph that in all the Four months from January to April, the number of students coming in company from Calcutta university is more than any other university. And from the other university like Rabindra Bharthi is comparatively less than the Calcutta university, So our market Size is Rabindra bharathi and Vidyasagar University as well as B.Ecollege, Jadhvpur university . The message which I want to clear with the help of this above graph is that, here in our company customers from Calcutta university is coming more than all other universities of Kolkata, so these universities are like the areas from where less business is coming except C.U., So company should take steps to increase business from these universities, by doing promotion ,make better relationship with guides of students. Demand of services Which services provided by Dhar Brothers is more in demand is easily understand by below graph- Source: This data is taken from survey of customers and from Dhar Brothers past data. The data collected is of the year 2011 from January to March. From the above graph we can find out which product of the company is in more demand. As we can see in the graph hard binding is in more demand as compared to the other demand, so company should more focus on hard binding service to satisfied the needs and expectation of customers from Dhar Brothers Because this service is more in demand and as well as company should also focus on superiority of other services. METHODOLOGY REASERCH METHODOLOGY Various products/services being offered by Dhar Brothers. The kind of responses received during survey of customers. The form of activities which is effective from the point of view of Customer satisfaction and Swot analysis. To understand what kind of services and customization customers want. To understand the customer needs and expectation from company. Developing innovative methods of approaching the target group . The survey conducted, would help in identifying the perception of a customer about services of company, which would further help in identifying the customer need and expectation and what kind of customization customer wants from company that in other words can say to provide value of money to customers . The survey conducted would give insight regarding whether Dhar Brothers should increase the services for their customers and if yes then in what type of services. Design of Questioner: Two types of questioner is used for survey in house and outhouse. Design of inhouse questioner: In-house questioner is designed for survey of in-house customers at the time of delivery of their thesis binding, the parameter have been taken in this questioner by keeping in the mind that the facts these customer have already taken the service of company, the following parameters have taken, to measure the satisfaction level of customer and analysis of swot areas. Details of customers include name, university, area of thesis, contact number, email-id. From where customer came to know about company? How much customer satisfied with printing, paper binding and price with respect to quality, delivery service within 48hours? How much customer satisfied with service like, waiting time, Employee Behavior, Working environment? What is the strength of company, measurement is done on the basis of some point, for that I attached the questioner at end of project? What is the requirement of customer? At the end an open ended question to get the customers view to serve them better. Design of outhouse questioner: Out house questioner is used for survey of PHD or research students in different universities of Kolkata, in this questioner points have taken by keeping in mind that these customer will use the service of company in future because the Dhar Brother has monopoly in the market regarding business of thesis binding, so by getting earlier the idea of expectation of customers and what type of service they are looking for , so the company will provide that service to customers in future, the point have taken in this questioner are as follows. Details of customers include name, university, area of thesis, contact number, email-id. University name from which the students belong to so that company can find out from which university maximum students will apply for the thesis binding. One question has been put in the questionnaire regarding the month for the thesis binding so that company can get to know their completion of project in advance and will try to capture by using the phone number to increase the sales of company. Selection of sample size: For measuring customer satisfaction and Swot analyisis I have collected the data of 170 customers by using both in-house and outhouse customers. In this project we have considered only those people who are doing their research work either from PhD or their own research work like thesis on literature. (note: because of time constraint could not gather much ). Data collection methods: Data will be collected by survey and interviewing of both in-house and out house customers. For in-house data collection surveying and interviewing of customers will do at the time of delivery of their thesis binding, so customer after checking their delivery can have the idea of quality of their binding and give us the proper response regarding their satisfaction level and other methods I m following to collect the data from our past customers by calling them on their contact no. or by the help of e-mail id and in survey of in-house customers I havent faced any problem. I have collected the data of 170 customers. And for the outhouse survey, my target was PHD students or students who are doing research in different universities of Kolkata , So by visiting in different Kolkata universities and interviewing these people , I have collected the data I had approached in following universities of Kolkata like Calcutta university . Rabindra Bharti , Jadhvpur univer sity, Shibpur B.E college, WBUT etc. Challenges faced in Out house Survey: Initially after visiting in Kolkata universities following problems have come in my path are as To enter inside universities and do the survey work. How to meet PHD students because there are no regular daily classes of PHD students. Sometimes Communication problem because here people mostly communicates in Bengali. To take permission from authorities to do survey work and to find out at what time I can meet with PHD students. Strategies used to overcome these challenges: By using the Reference of college identity card and doing research for academic requirement , till know I have got success to meet with PHD department authorities in universities like Rabindra Bharti universities and Jadhvpur university. I m trying to get the record of students PHD departments o like contact number or email-id , so that I can contact them to collect data . From project guides and PHD authorities get the time when I can meet with these peoples. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS INITIAL findings The various findings of from the information collected are Dhar Brothers only do binding of thesis of research work. By a comparative analysis of customers of different universities of Kolkata as well as from other states and cities, it can be understood that company has reasonable price with respect to overall quality and Dhar Brothers has monopoly in this thesis binding business no other such big player available in Kolkata for thesis biding. Company imports material for thesis binding like paper, cover page material from Netherland, so the focus of company is to provide best quality and service to our customers. Customers here comes from other states and cities also apart from Kolkata, like Darjeeling, Jharkhand, Bihar, Assam etc., this shows that company has good Brand image , and known for superior quality and fast services. Company has efficient resources, adequate infrastructure and skilled labour and working environment to do the work. Customer appreciate the online order service of company and Home delivery to customers who are away from Kolkata or have some problems to come, this service will help customers to finish their work at time and cost effective also. Customers also appreciate the fast delivery service of company within 48 hours. Hard Binding service provided by company is more in demand. Dhar Brothers has good brand image in this business of thesis binding. ANALYSIS Data which have been collected through questionnaire from in-house and out house will be used for the analysis of data. As the data in the questionnaire contains various different parameters like quality price, delivery system, waiting time, location and others. These parameters will be used for the data analysis and found out the relation between the different parameters. The target group for the survey is PHD students and those who do research work of age group normally more than 25 years of age. Sample Size: 170 (Note : due to time constraint, sufficient amount of response from customers was not gathered) Customers response how they come to know about Dhar Bothers: Friends (Who have used service in past)-62% Guide- 16% Others-2% Family members-12% Internet-8% Graph of customers response how they come to know about Dhar brothers. (Source: This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey jan.-april) Above graph shows clear representation from which source number of customer comes here. As we clearly understand from above data and graph Dhar Brothers required more methods of promotion to increase sales of their company because 62% customer come here are recommended by their friends, so company should do promotion in News papers, and Internet On major Research sites so during research of their work, Customer come to know about Dhar brothers, that will help company to boost their sales and by giving demonstration in education fares and in universities. Customer Satisfaction Analysis The parameters which I have taken to measure the customer satisfaction level are , printing quality, paper quality, binding quality , service within 48 hours, waiting time, adequate infrastructure, working environment price with respect to quality . It can be better understand by below graph. Customer satisfaction on the basis of quality of material used for Thesis binding work. (Source: This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey ,jan-april) As by analysis of above graph it is clearly visible that customer satisfaction level is very high, customers are highly satisfied by the material quality used for thesis purpose like paper, printing quality, Binding quality, so this is good sign for company. Paper quality 85% are highly satisfied and 15% are average satisfied there is not even one customer who is not satisfied Same is the case with printing and binding quality, from binding quality 80% are highly satisfied and 20% are average and from printing quality 77% are highly satisfied and 23% are average satisfied. Customer satisfaction on the basis of services of company and proximity to location (Source: This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey, jan.-april) From the above graph it is clearly visible the customer satisfaction level of services provided by company, customer satisfaction level is very high except some parameter like waiting time, Proximity of location. So company have to work on reduce the waiting time by increase human resource and more systems to provide fast service and other one proximity to location the company can do improve it by taking online demand and home delivery to customer because to open other branches in different location is not feasible for company it requires lot of resources and wealth. And overall if we focus customers are highly satisfied. This shows that feasible steps which companies should take to improve services and customer satisfaction level. Customers satisfaction level regarding overall quality with respect to price Customers satisfaction level regarding overall quality with respect to price is given below with the help of graph. (Source: This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey from January to april) From the above graph it is clearly understandable that only 10% customer is very low satisfied with price of Dhar Brothers and 90% are satisfied with price of company with respect to quality out of which 62% customers are highly satisfied and 28 % are average satisfied, so overall customers are satisfied with price, company should not bothered much about those 10% low satisfied customers. Companys main focus should on 90% of customers. From the above three graph used on the basis different parameters it is cleared that customers are satisfied except some parameters like waiting time and proximity to location. The data have taken in all the graphs are of four months January to April. Analysis of what was the requirement of customers The parameters we used for analysis of requirements of customers are services provided by company like Formatting, Printing, Binding Printing, Binding Copier and Binding Only Binding (Source: This graph is drawn on the basis data collected by customers during survey from January to april) It would be understand from the above graph, what percentage of customers taken which category of service, company focus is that every customer should take our first category of services formatting, printing, binding it would give more profit to company but after collection of data and survey of customers it have been found that those customers who have not good knowledge of formatting only those customers taken this service and those who can do formatting done by self to save cost. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths: Company has monopoly in market in the business of thesis binding. Company has adequate infrastructure and machinery. Company has skilled labour to provide superior quality services. Working environment of Dhar brothers is favourable for customers. Dhar Brothers is very cost effective for thesis binding with respect to quality. Online Delivery system and on time delivery. Delivery service within 48 hours. Imported material from Netherland used for the purpose of to provide good quality to customers. Strength of Dhar Brothers according to response o

The Impact of Restaurant Reviews on Customer Decisions

The Impact of Restaurant Reviews on Customer Decisions Table of contents 1. |LITERATURE REVIEW †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |3| |1. 1. |Restaurant Review Systems Context †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |3| |1. 2. |Overview of Themes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. |4| |1. 3. |Peer Vs. Expert Reviews Constraints †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |4| |1. 4. Impact on Customer Behaviour †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |5| |1. 5. |Consumer Information Utilization†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |6| 2. |CONCLUSION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |9| 3. |REFERENCE LIST †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ |10| Page | 2 1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1. 1. Restaurant Review Systems Context As of January 2013 Yelp recorded 100 million visits on Yelp. om not including the 9. 4 million unique users of its mobil e application, ranking Yelp the 34th most trafficked website in the US. (Wilhelm, 2013). In addition, The Zagat New York guide sold 500,000 copies last year and it now includes 2,050 restaurants from all five boroughs in its 2013 edition. (Talmadge, 2008 ) Ultimately, The Guide Rouge sells around 1. 2 million copies per year in eight countries, and it impressively sold out 120,000 copies in no more than three days, on its first Tokyo 2008 edition (Michelin, 2011).Davis (2009) synthesizes â€Å"Restaurant reviews which, in addition to recording eating experiences, educate and inform us about how to culturally contextualize, judge, and compare eating experiences in both explicit and implicit ways, how to expand our vocabulary and fill up the bank, reviews are an important locus of meaning in the realm of food. † Coherently, gourmets argue that with the absence of writing, food is merely confined to its biological purpose and economic standing. Recording the dining experiences, avoids the quotidian encapsulation and impulses food discourse into the realm of intellectual pursuit. (Davis, 2009 , pp. 13-16)Food, being a vital necessity of human nature, has developed in the last centuries as not only a survival instinct, but a desire that can drive customers to a satisfactory and rewarding emotional experience. (Berridge, 2001 , pp. 234-242) Hence, the advancing phenomenon of eating out and the fast growing pace of the Gastronomic industry, has gained uncountable followers. (Upadhyay, Singh, & Thomas, 2007) The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of restaurant reviews upon consumer selecting criteria. Examine the information quality, and source credibility of restaurant review systems and their influence on consumer’s utilization.Page | 3 1. 2. Overview of the themes Technological advances have brought the ease of accessibility to immeasurable information. Restaurant reviews systems are widely spread, due to the fact that consumers are wil ling to refer to either expert or peer created reviews before a culinary venture, to avoid potential risk or uncertainty over food/service quality. (Choi & Ok). In contrast, Bouton and Kirchsteiger (2001), elaborate on the theory that the existence of favourable rankings might affect consumers by increasing the market power of firms, leading to inflating flexible prices and therefore lowering customers’ solvency power. Bouton & Kirchsteiger, 2011) 1. 3 Peer vs. Expert Opinion Constraints Luca (2011) discusses the criticisms on the reliability of the information obtained from both expert and en masse review systems. Constraints such as the hedonic value of palatability, as a result of the diverse interpretations of quality perception in conjunction with the possibility of stakeholders altering submissions, that will cause biased results. Equally important, the subjectivity of information on peer reviewed evaluations, which normally reflect a non representative sample of custom ers. (Luca, 2011)Concerns in the case of expert reviews, for example the Michelin Guide, include the propensity to cover small segments of a market and the companies’ obligation to comply with mandatory disclosure laws. (Luca, 2011) Furthermore, Geraud et al. (2012) considerate that even expert reviews might be somehow biased; bolstering French cuisine. Notwithstanding, Johnson et al. (2005) attributed the hegemony Francoise, to the long tradition and paramount magnitude of haute cuisine culture in France. Existing literature demonstrates the significance of experts? opinion and social learning, to model consumer criteria.However the Michelin star system, especially in Europe, is to some extent overwhelmingly pondered as the most recognized and respected system for haute cuisine. (Johnson, Surlemont, Nicod, & Revaz, 2005) Page | 4 Generally, three etoile restaurants are led by highly creative and skilled chefs, emphasize on hiring high quality personnel, employ first quality ingredients and secure an exclusive wine list. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized requirements suggest an unaccountably vagueness on the rigorously selected and qualified inspectors’ accreditation criteria. (Johnson, Surlemont, Nicod, & Revaz, 2005)Comparatively, peer reviews also face system imperfections. Anderson and Magruder (2001) encounter that there is a 49% increase on restaurant customer flow as result of a ? star increase on a Yelp rating, yet this ratings are rounded to the nearest half star which might convey an imperfect signal of quality. 1. 4. Impact on Customer Behaviour Bickart and Schindler (2001) highlight the effect that online reviews originate upon customer decision-making process, as they play an influential role providing an interactive venue to share quality perception of a product or service.Conversely, Banerjee (1922) and Bikhchandani (1988) et al. (as cited in Geraud et al. 2012) Localized conformity, fashion and heard behaviour sequence caus es the purchase decision to be purely influenced by prejudice. Following preceding peers actions without contributing an own judgment leads to an information disequilibrium. (Gergaud, Storchmann, & Verardi, 2012) In accordance with Andersson and Mossberg (2004) who suggest that dining experience engrosses much more than good fooD. Gunasekeran (1992) (as cited in Upadhyay et al. 007) concurs â€Å"A restaurant takes the basic drive – the simplest act of eating – and transforms it into a civilized ritual involving hospitality, imagination, satisfaction, graciousness and warmth† (Upadhyay, Singh, & Thomas, 2007) The dining experience is sorted and evaluated in components proposed by empirical qualitative data from first round interviews (Kivela et al,1999). Primary factors empowering diners’ visit intention are the food and service quality, atmosphere, and relevant convenience factors.Restaurant reviews focus and delineate their appraisals in these determini ng attributes to assist customers’ selection criteria process. (Kivela, Reece, & Inbakaran, 1999) Page | 5 Empirical evidence has also proven the assumption of the impact that social learning, thanks to technological diversification, or professional assessment evaluations indeed contain relevant information. (Luca, 2011) Subsequently, growing literature papers link the relation between restaurant revenue boost as the result of favourable reviews. For instance, Geraud et al. 2012) finding on the comparison between the continuity on pricing level from 2004 to 2007 in NYC, considering a priori and posteriori scenarios of the inclusion of the Michelin Guide (2005) in the city, proved a substantial marginal price increase of approximately 37%. Furthermore, Luca (2011) concluded that a one – star increase in Yelp rating leads to a 5 – 9 % increase in revenue. Nonetheless, consumers’ quality perception scope through pricing signalling quality is diminishing as c onsumers’ knowledge widens. (Gergaud, Storchmann, & Verardi, 2012) . 5. Consumer Information Utilization Yet, it is unclear that the consumers’ responsiveness and utilization of the available information which is reliant on the accessibility, simplicity and trustworthiness of the actual valuable content. This hypothesis portrays the Bayesian inference which customers act upon (Luca, 2011). â€Å"Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference that uses prior probability over some hypothesis to determine the likelihood of that hypothesis be true based on observed evidence† (Mans, 2010 , p. 1) Cai et al. 2008) conducted a randomized natural field experiment proving that assessing consumer options on menu items by providing a forged list of the top 5 selling dishes, reported an increase on demand of 13% to 20%. On the other hand, Kivela et al. (1999) explore the consumer behaviour model under the disconfirmation theory, which construes that customers compar e their own dining experience with some basis gained by direct or indirect previous experiences. This might be obtained from either social or expert assessments, and the assumption that a customer will weight various restaurant attributes based on expectancy theory.Furthermore, they studied customers’ perceptions of restaurant attributes based on demographic characteristics which shape selection criteria. (Kivela, Reece, & Inbakaran, 1999) Page | 6 Upadhyay et al. (2007) research analysis differs from the scheme that Keevela et al. (1999) suggest, since demographic variables have an insignificant impact on consumers’ preference and visit intentions. Conclusion analysis elaborates on the deciding attributes for restaurant selection, quality of food per se being the most imprescindible component.Secondly, service quality which plays a major role in customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction and return patronage accordingly. Location, ambience and other facilities are inclu ded on the deciding factors, but disregard Keevela’s et al. (1999) finding of ambience being the fundamental factor. (Upadhyay, Singh, & Thomas, 2007) Page | 7 Page | 8 3. Works Cited Anderson, M. , & Magruder, J. (2011). Learning from the Crowd: Regression Disconinuity Estimates of the Effects of an Online Review Database. The Economic Journal , 2 . Berridge, K. C. (2001 ). The Phsycology of Learning .In Reward Learning (pp. 234-242 ). Academic Press. Bouton, L. , & Kirchsteiger, G. (2011). Good Rankings are Bad – Why Reliable Rankings Can Hurt Consumers. Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1. Cai, H. , Chen, Y. , & Fang, H. (2008). Observational Learning: Evidence from a Randomized Natural. Yale University. Choi, J. W. , & Ok, C. (n. d. ). The Effect of Online Restaurant Reviews on Diners' Visit Intentions. Kansas State University . Davis, M. (2009 ). A Taste For New York; Restaurant Reviews, Food Discourse, and The Field of Gastronomy in America. New York Universit y , 4.Gergaud, O. , Storchmann, K. , & Verardi, V. (2012). Expert Opinion and Quality Perception of Consumers. Johnson, C. , Surlemont, B. , Nicod, P. , & Revaz, F. (2005). Behind the Stars . Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly , 170. Kim, S. , & Jae-Eun, C. (2010 ). Restaurant Selection Criteria: Understading the Roles of Restaurant Type and Customers' Sociodemographic Characteristics. Ohio State University . Kivela, J. , Reece, J. , & Inbakaran, R. (1999). Consumer Research in the Restaurant Enviornment: Part 2 Research design and analytical methods.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management , 269 – 281. Luca, M. (2011). Reviews, Reputation and Revenue: The Case of Yelp. com. Harvard Business School. Mans, Y. (2010 ). Bayesian Inference. Machine Learninf Foundation , 1 . Michelin. (2011, November 29). Retrieved from www. michelin. com Talmadge, E. (2008 , August 29). USA Today. Retrieved from Tokyo Michelin Dispute: http://usatoday30. usa today. com Upadhyay, Y. , Singh, S. K. , & Thomas, G. (2007). Do People Differ in

China: Civil War and Communist Triumph Essay

* China: Civil War and Communist Triumph CCP gained control of the Manchurian countryside. After the war, the Nationalists appeared to have superior resources. They were recognized as the legitimate government. Nationalist party assassinated Wen (pg. 326) which showed their desperation to retain power. Taiwan suffered worse and they rioted in protest, 1947, but the Nationalist government responded with brutal and bloody repression. The government couldn’t stop the inflation and people had to carry bundles of paper money to shop. The CCP had a disciplined and well-organized political and military leadership. In Jul 1947, communist armies attacked several fronts in Northern China. Lin Biao completely routed the Nationalist party in 1948. In 1949, Nationalist generals surrendered Beijing and Tianjin. Mao Zedong formally proclaimed the establishment of People’s Republic of China. * Japan: The Occupation Ends and Means The Occupation’s mission was to demilitarize Japan and turn the country into a peaceful and democratic state which was under the authority of the Far Eastern Commission in Washington. Japanese government continued to function, but according to the Occupation authorities under MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. Occupation supplied food and medical supplies and US become seriously concerned with rebuilding Japanese economy is 1947. People were purged, half of them from the military. Outside of Japan, people were tried and sentenced to death. Tojo as well who headed Japan’s wartime government. The emperor was not charged and was pressured to substitute a more open lifestyle like British monarch. Under the new constitution he became a symbol of the nation. Constitution went into effect May 1947.

City Friends Advice and Advice to a Teenage Daughter Essays

City Friends Advice and Advice to a Teenage Daughter Essays City Friends Advice and Advice to a Teenage Daughter Essay City Friends Advice and Advice to a Teenage Daughter Essay doggy world meaning it is very dangerous with people holding knives waiting around every corner and men are more vicious than dogs. To me this doesnt sound like citys I know off. And Thrilling is saying that love is hard to win over because you have to compete with all the things the boys love. Thrilling is also saying that it may seem easy to win but you just have to be your self. You dont need to wear make up and skinny tight tops and trousers that make your bum look small, all you have to do to win the boys over is be your self and dont try to compete with football and all the rest you just need to be your self. My aspect Finally I am going to tell you which poem I prefer out of the two I have been speaking of in this essay. But to start with I am going to say whatever else I think is important in the poems. These poems have both been published which means the poets might be quite famous. In the poems the poets seem to have linked there story/ poem together because if you think about it, if you wear too much make-up and look really skinny because you are wearing tight tops and skinny jeans you are going to look cheep and if your walking around an city looking like a slut then suspicious people are going to start talking and maybe even picking on you. Now to which poem I think is more effective. I think Advice to a Teenage Daughter is more effective because it is telling you to be patient boys arent going to be interested in what girls do to try and get their attention. All the boys want to do is watch football, play cricket or even own a vehicle. So all you need to do is slow down and be your self and just wait for them to notice you at their own time. But now that I have got what I thought about the poem out the way I am going to say what how the two poems are linked. They are liked by both giving advice and because when you try to win a boy over you may end up looking tarty and you will then get inappropriate people trying to get your attention when you dont want it. This is just how the boy would feel. I find both the poems very useful and informal. I just want to say that if I had to choose a favourite poem of the two I couldnt. I hope the comparison is what you needed and helpful and educational for you.

buy custom Technology, Science, and Culture essay

buy custom Technology, Science, and Culture essay Technology is the usage of tools, techniques, or systems in a manner aimed at solving problems or serving some purposes. It is a science that involves analyzing, developing, and applying machines, devices, and techniques with the aim of enhancing productive and manufacturing processes. Technology is the method of employing technical knowhow and tools to achieve specific goals. For example, video editing which involves the application of technical ability in editing motion picture. This means technology is the elaborated understanding of something that when skillfully applied, a specific ambition is fulfilled. Technology is the machines and systems that aid in making a production process, or any other activity, efficient. Usually technology in this context defines a situation whereby these machines and systems are used as a unit. For example, a seismograph is technology because it is a machine that makes the process of measuring and detecting the direction, duration, and intensity of earthquakes proceed in an efficient manner. Technology is a cultural anthropology. In this context, its a definition of the ways of conducting cultural or societal affairs, or the method of organization. For example, democracy may be regarded as a social technology. Technology as a cultural anthropology means it is used for social purposes. Social technologies include hardware and software that accommodates social procedure in interpersonal communication, e.g. telegraphs, telephones, and postal systems. The impact of television on cultures Some technologies have had great impacts on cultures, e.g. television. Television has a great effect on the subconscious mind and their induction on people is easy and rapid. As an example, te most effective adverts are those broadcasted on television. Motion picture on television has weakened individuals ability to behave autonomously due to its strong influence reminiscence on cultures worldwide. This influence is as a result of the events that are broadcasted as well as those that are withheld a scenario that makes television broadcasting has an extensive social control on people. On morality, since television has connected societies into a global village, a specific cultures norms have been eroded and considered as backwardness. This has lead to people loosen ethical boundaries to accommodate modes of behavior that they see on television. Television has also diversified political opinions and enhanced consumer participation levels. They have been utilized to influence sentiments, beliefs, and judgments; and a notable example is when governments apply television broadcasts with the aim of wining the citizens support on important issues. It is widely believed that television influences the way people vote, and this belief has lead to televised political debates. Lastly, media moguls have become some of the most powerful unelected persons in the world. Rupert Murdoch is the best example in this case. The future of internet Information technology refers to data processing and distribution using computer systems and telecommunication channels. There has been rapid growth in the number of users in recent years due to its effectiveness and efficiency. The use of the internet is growing at a phenomenal rate, and it is part of technology that will have a lot of impact on the future of the world. With regard to this, scientists are enhancing its capacity to enable accommodation of increasedd traffic as more people embrace its use while the existing users increase the amount data they send. Technologies like the Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) are being developed so as to reduce congestion on the internet because it allows per second data transfer across faster medium like optic fiber. Faster packet handling equipments have been developed to ensure its sustained growth in the use. It would be difficult to do without the internet because most other forms of technology rely on it in many ways. For example, television broadcasts on the internet have gained popularity just like the internet application in education and medicine has. The Telephone Many technological innovations have been inspired by social needs, for example, the telephone. Telephone was first introduced for societal use in 1876. This invention by Alexander Graham Bell made communication easier previously. The use of telephone left an indelible mark in the society, and its impacts are evident in business and war correspondences. The basic demand that necessitated research in this area was the need of people to establish contacts with relatives and friends overseas a situation which was difficult before. It has had some negative impacts too, like the sophistication of criminal activities. In spite of the fact that this innovation was to become an important part of our lives, most people had at first neglected its use taking it as a toy or a fake gadget. When its capabilities became clearer the skepticism ended, and people embraced it which lead to growth in its use. The telephone innovation has grown to fulfill the need of people to converse conveniently and cheaply, which was the main cause of the introduction of mobile phones. Buy custom Technology, Science, and Culture essay

Children with Traumatic Brain Injury Term Paper

Children with Traumatic Brain Injury - Term Paper Example TBI refers to brain injuries that are caused by external physical forces and not brain injuries that result during childbirth or those that are congenital and degenerative (Ponsford, Draper &Schonberger, 2008). In actual fact, TBI may occur in several ways for instance when the head hits an object, when the head comes into contact with force or when there is movement inside the skull. This results in the development of two types of TBI first being the closed head injury (CHI) which refers to brain damage that is not caused by exterior force and the damages are not visible. The other is open head injury (OHI) which is caused by the impact of external force resulting in the development of visible head injuries for instance swelling. Unfortunately, a child that sustains a brain injury may look fine at the moment but later in life, especially in the adolescent stage exhibit intense behavioral and cognitive problems. This implies that TBI causes children to have lifelong disabilities incl uding cognitive, perceptual, memory, abstract thinking, psychosocial behavior, speech, language, attention, judgment, information processing, sensory, physical functions and problem-solving impairments (Saatman, Duhaime & Workshop Scientific Team and Advisory Panel Members, 2008). These disabilities are manifested in an array of characteristics depending on the location and extent of brain injury. They may also be permanent or temporary in nature where they can either cause total or partial psychosocial adjustment or functional disabilities. For instance, students with cognitive impairments suffer from long or short-term memory deficits thus remembering things and facts become quite difficult. Such students also suffer from impaired concentration and limited attention span. Therefore, they cannot engage in any activity for a long period of time even concentrating in class becomes difficult. Moreover, these students suffer from impaired perception where sequencing, judgment, and plan ning pose a serious problem. In addition, such children gravely suffer from communication problems which inhibit both their writing and reading skills. This is as a result of damage that occurs in the frontal lobes of the brain (Aimaretti & Ghigo, 2007). TBI also manifests behavioral and emotional characteristics which include mood swings, lowered self-esteem, self-centeredness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, restlessness and nosedived motivation. They are also unable to control their emotions as at times they may excessively cry or laugh. As a result, they can neither self-monitor nor relate well with others. This arises because of damage that occurs in the limbic system in the brain. On the other hand, the physical impairment characteristics include sensory impairments as well as vision, speech and hearing problems. Conversely, the students may suffer from constant headaches, paralysis or paresis of either or both sides, lack of proper balance, gait impairments, spasticity of muscl es and seizure disorders. They also lack effective coordination especially the fine motor coordination. These physical characteristics arise due to an imbalance that affects the brain equilibrium. This is because of the development of the midline shift syndrome which further affects the weight, posture and drift posture of patients with TBI. As a result, the patients do not see a straight horizon or wall they see them as tilted (Parikh, Koch & Narayan, 2007).

Arts Advocacy Statement and Pamphlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arts Advocacy Statement and Pamphlet - Essay Example Artistic aptitude is an amazing ability and it is very significant for our children for their better mental approach. Art helps to enhance the childrens ability to have a better perception of the world and tends to get them to adopt a better way of communication and expression. Art helps children to make an open appearance and reveal their hidden talent and skills. Therefore, for a successful and flourishing life track, you must try to develop artistic skills in your child. Now a question arises as to what are the important factors that are necessary for the artistic development in your child. When your child starts performing certain activities, you need to develop art in his activities. Every child has a hidden artist in their inner self and parents or teachers can examine very well what kind of artistic intuition is growing within a child. Some children love to make drawings and some love to use brushes to handle colours. Some love music and few have the ability to be great composers. So every child has his/her own inclination towards various categories of art. The four disciplines of art have a diverse arrangement among artistic abilities such as drawing, print-making, painting, drama, music and dance. All these classifications are the basic skills that can be found in oneself to create a better perception of life. Home is the first basic learning institute and whatever skills a child uses to learn at home, no institute around the world could impart these skills to children. To develop art in your child and have your child able to have a better overview of any situation in life, you need to develop your child’s interest in all of the above given mediums of art. Education is an entirely different thing, but any skill or talent in a child can add more to his education with the help of artistic qualities. Art is the thing that never cares for substantial measures and children also